The Learning Management System ( Lms ) For Teaching And...

There were three sources of data explored in this study. One was the interviews of 24 subjects who had been teachers of District X since the learning management system, the HUB, had been introduced. The second form of data used was artifact data from analytics reports from the HUB, and course information used by teachers for instruction, when necessary. The third form was field notes taken by the researcher, used to paint a more complete picture of each participant as an individual case and to gain more insight as to their attitudes and motivations for their innovation adoption decisions. The information sought was in response to the following research questions (RQs): RQ1. Of the teachers who have adopted the learning management system (LMS) for teaching and learning, what is different about those who adopt more quickly than others? (Interview questions #1 2) RQ2. How has the learning management system been incorporated into teaching and learning in the classroom? What were the early successes or failures that may have influenced the choice to adopt? (Interview questions #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) RQ3. What have been current steps toward communication, collaboration and instructional use of the LMS implementation and adoption phase? What feedback loops exist in order for leadership and end users to stay informed and work to remove barriers to implementation? (Interview question #6) RQ4. What other characteristics of this implementation have been unique, or haveShow MoreRelatedExploring The Role Of A Learning Management System Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Role of a Learning Management System Emily Durray Nelson Lachina University of West Florida Abstract Learning Management System (LMS) provides an integrated platform for content, delivery and management of learning as well as accessibility by a range of users that may include learners, content creators and administrators. Learning Management Systems have been implemented successfully in various settings which include educational, corporate and non-profit environments. The LMS is a tool usedRead MoreLearning Management Systems ( Lms ) Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesLearning management systems (LMS) are design to allow the instructor to develop a webpage that encourages learning. The LMS is sometimes a place for information to be given and quizzes to be develop to test the knowledge of the learner. Simulation software is another technological based tool that allows for active learning. Simulators often times are dummies that use computer software that simulates situation that is designed to assist the learner. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at theRead MoreCourse Activity : A Case Study Of Students1088 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents and 29 users who are assigned to the LMS. The total time in the course is 193.29 and the average time per user is 6.67. The course activity overview shows most students are actively on the LMS on Sundays for 52.14 hours, then on Saturdays of 35.48 hours, last on Tuesdays of 32.25 hours. The main areas the X, Y, Z students are engaging is the Content folders, Discussions 1 2, and e-Activities. The highest weeks of student’s engaging in the LMS were in Week 4 and Week 5. The main areas theRead MoreComputer Science Department And The Lecturers1746 Words   |  7 Pagesproject. Abstraction: The Learning Management System was developed to help the education system in this university to hold the large amount of students, lecturers and staff to manage and organize the teaching system. Simply by one electronic platform that can be accessed at any time from different places. LMS is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of all university learning resources. Table of ContentsRead MoreThe First Catalog Of Instructional Films4169 Words   |  17 Pagesin the latter part of the 19th century, then through the motion picture projector, in 1913, Thomas Edison said, â€Å"Books will soon be obsolete in the schools†¦It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture. Our school system will be completely changed in the next ten years† (Saettler, 1968). While public schools did not completely abandon their textbooks, instructional media did emerge as educational television in the 1950’s, the infancy stages of technology-based educationRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Transformation On A Learning Management System1195 Words   |  5 Pagesattempts to collect knowledge of the complexities of adoption, teacher attitudes, and other data regarding the impact of the digital transformation to a learning management system. Research focuses on 24 interviews of teachers across the district, and factors that influence their decision to adopt or not adopt the district’s learning management system. The case study approach was selected because of its ability to acquire information through each individual vicariously and to examine their attitudesRead MoreI Am An Elementary Teacher At North Hialeah Elementary1531 Words   |  7 PagesI am an elementary teacher at North Hialeah Elementary. This school year 2015-2016, I am teaching Spanish and Math CCHL. My school belongs to Miami-Dade County Public Schools System. â€Å"Miami-Dade County Public Schools is the fourth- largest school district in the United States, comprised of 392 schools, 345,000 students, and over 40,000 employees. Located at the southern end of the Florida peninsula, the school district stretches over 2,000 square miles of diverse and vibrant communities ranging fromRead MoreLiterature Review Learning Management System1887 Words   |  8 PagesBACKGROUND While virtual learning environments have been available in some capacity since 1960, â€Å"the PLATO system featured multiple roles, including students who could study assigned lessons and communicate with teachers through on-line notes, instructors, who could examine student progress data, as well as communicate and take lessons themselves, and authors, who could do all of the above, plus create new lessons† (Wikipedia, 2006a, 1960s section,). Learning management systems have only been availableRead MoreWhy Using Lms For Your Organization?1873 Words   |  8 PagesA LMS is a software application that is used to strategy, bring, issue and place self-paced online sequences in online lists. No hard-and-fast list of apparatuses exists to demote what is and isn’t a knowledge management structure. While a sequence of features is quite shared, the full competences of the LMS will vary among organizations and envisioned uses. The following rudiments best describe an LMS: †¢ The skill to create class schedules, control recording and create waiting tilts †¢ The skillRead MoreLearning Management System1949 Words   |  8 PagesLEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR PARANG SCHOOL INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND At its core, a Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application or Web based technology used to plan, implement, and assess a specific learning process. Typically, a learning management system provides an instructor with a way to create and deliver content, monitor student participation, and assess student performance. The LMS enables the learning content to be to be available and/or accessible online thereby allowing

Essay On Love Without Sex - 1715 Words

LOVE WITHOUT SEX: THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTIMACY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT WORK 1. Research topic In this article the research was focused on non-sexual relationships between men and woman in the workplace and the impact it has on the dynamics of the work group and the relationships with the co-workers, and the organizations they work for. There have been many studies done on sexual harassment in the workplace, but not on the benefits and potential costs of non-sexual relationships in the workplace between male and female workers. 2. Research method The research was done through questionnaires. The researchers first built a questionnaire with some key questions. They then used the data received from that research to narrow down the†¦show more content†¦Moreover, as organizations change their managing styles to include team building, networking and union building, the interactions between male and female co-workers increase. This creates the need to for co-workers to gain support from each other. These circumstances invite closer relationships between the opposite sex. Researchers found that it was important to investigate these relationships to get a better understanding of what prompted the relationships and the impact these relationships have for the organization and the workers. The research that was conducted focused benefits and pitfalls of these relationships, both for the workers and the organizations they worked for. 5. Methodology The research was first conducted through a questionnaire sent to 900 randomly selected members of a national association in professional training and development. The questionnaire asked a variety of questions related to experiencing non-sexual relationships in the workplace. The asked if the subjects had experienced non-sexual relationships in the workplace with the opposite sex. If they had stated yes, they were asked to describe that subjects, how the relationship began and any other key events. They asked the subjects to describe the characteristics of the relationship, the closeness of the relationship and what deterred the subjects from having a sexual relationship. They asked for further information about the benefitsShow MoreRelated Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSex Without Love by Sharon Olds Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately described the authors disgust for casual sex in which she vividly animates the immorality of lustful sex through the variety of her language. The sarcasm used in this selection can easily be misunderstood and quite confusing if the words and lines are not analyzed with specific construction. Olds clever use of imagery and frequent uses of similes, to make the reader imagine actual events, makes this poem comeRead MoreSex Without Love by Sharon Old Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages Sharon Olds’ poem â€Å"Sex Without Love† wonders at the ability for two people to have sex and not involve emotions or pretenses of love. The poem argues that it is better to have sex without love under the premise that love is a false savior for people, and everyone is all alone anyhow. In other words, the claim is that personal interactions do not serve a purpose other than being a distraction, and they will inevitably end. However, the notion th at attachment and love are false hopes for people andRead Morequot;Sex Without Love:quot;by Sharon Olds Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesshe has been praised for the courage and emotional power of her work which continues to witness pain, love, desire, and grief with persistent courage. Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately describes the authors disgust for casual sex and her attitude toward loveless sex as a cold and harmful act. She brilliantly uses various poetic techniques to animate the immortality of loveless sex through her words and her great description evoke clear image in the reader mind. One of the characteristicsRead MoreWhat is wrong with adultery Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesAdultery Bonnie Steinbock in her essay â€Å"What’s Wrong with Adultery?† starts by quoting the data from studies to show that the number of women who have committed adultery has significantly increased. Despite this increase in female adultery, it is in some degree due to the attitudes changing toward sex and sexuality, but Steinbock thinks that people should use rational justification to evaluate the disapproval of adultery. Then in the rest of the parts of Steinbock’s essay, she is generally arguing againstRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Elena By Elena Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesName: Institution: Course: Date: Comparison Essay In the poem, Elena, the author conveys the main theme using the two main protagonists. The poem shows the feelings of a mother who has lost touch with her children, since they are no longer a big cohesive family as was the case in Mexico. All her children sang and engaged in sporting activities at their leisure time. The phrase â€Å"understanding every word they’d say.† is emotional and to some extent painful since she remembers the time she spentRead More Gays Have a Right to Marry Essay779 Words   |  4 Pagesfaces that time when their parent or parents choose to tell them about sex. Well, what if it happened that instead of sex your parents chose to tell you about the injustice of not letting people in the gay community marry. If this was to happen, then there would be a better understanding of gay relationships and their want to get married. This would more then likely lead to the ending of the ban on gay marriages. In his essay â€Å"Let Gays Marry†, Andrew Sullivan, who happens to be a homosexual maleRead MoreWomen can Stand with Men819 Words   |  3 Pagesliving moment. This essay will pertain to how women should be treated justly and equally to men when in the hookup and sex culture, having the â€Å"slut stigma† reduced to a minimum. It is said that men seduce and women are designed to be seduced. This entails that women who want to be active in the sex culture have to â€Å"pull maneuvers† to be seduced by men, for example wear â€Å"slut attire†, or behave in a â€Å"slut† manner. The word â€Å"slut† is used to describe a woman who is part of the sex and hookup cultureRead More Comparing William Bennetts Leave Marriage Alone and Andrew Sullivans Let Gays Marry1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthousands years, marriage has been a combination between a man and a woman. When they love each other, they decide to live together. That is marriage. But what will love happen between two same sex persons? Will they marry? Is their marriage acceptable? It is the argument between two authors: William J. Bennett and Andrew Sullivan. The two authors come from different countries and have different opinion about same sex marriage. Sullivan agrees with the gay marriage because of human right, on the othe rRead More thematic essay on identity941 Words   |  4 Pages Thematic Essay on Identity nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many aspects of identity in the poem â€Å"Sex without Love,† by Sharon Olds. I can relate my own thoughts to how the author views the subject that she talks about in this poem. There has been a situation in my own life where I was thinking to myself, just as the author was, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without love?† (Olds 740). Having been raised as a well-rounded and disciplined person, as well as religious, I know theRead MoreGay Marriage: Refutation Researched Argument1465 Words   |  6 Pages Gay sex marriage is the most conflicting issue in the contemporary social world. Marriage is an association of persons through which we perceive the reflection of a particular culture. It is basically a private matter and a fundamental human right. People should have the right to decide with whom they marry, not the state. If two persons are closed to each other regardless of their gender, they should be allowed to marry with each other  (Eric). Legalizing gay marriage is granting same-sex couples

Essay The Futility of Dreams in John Steinbecks Of Mice...

The Futility of Dreams in Of Mice and Men Everyone has a dream they hope to achieve, but dreams are not always possible to attain. In John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men, two ranch hands, George and Lennie, find work in Salinas Valley. Lennie, constantly getting into trouble, inadvertently causes the two of them to be run out of town and thus have to find new work regularly. George and Lennies search for work in the hope of accomplishing their dream of a small farm of their own displays how futile realizing dreams can be. The major themes identified by commentators in Of Mice and Men are friendship and isolation, hope and futility(Votteler 334). Through George and Lennies friendship, the hope to achieve their dream is†¦show more content†¦George holds Lennie in check by telling him about the farm and the condition that if he is good he will be allowed to tend the rabbits on the farm. The dream was originally designed by George as a way to try to get Lennie to be good, but after many times of repeating it, he begins to believe it himself(Moore 341). George uses Lennie to sustain his own dream of the farm, that if he didnt believe that Lennie needed him for protection his illusion would dissipate under the pressures of the workday world(Marks 354). George and Lennie come to work in the Salinas Valley where they are on the brink of achieving their dream or doom(Moore 341). The itinerant workers hope to get the farm they dream of with the money earned from working on the ranch(Doren 335). Curleys wifes dream of becoming a famous movie star in Hollywood is as real to her as Lennies dream of tending the rabbits is to him(Beatty 362). George and Lennie are not like the other ranch hands in their friendship for each other and proves to be so unusual that it brings hope to the bunkhouse keeper, Candy, and Crooks, for the possibility that the dream of a home on their own farm could be fulfilled(Dusenbury 346). The unexpected offer of three hundred dollars by Candy suddenly convinces George that their dream may finally be attained(Shurgot 365). Crooks wants this dream, that is unattainable by himself, so badShow MoreRelatedThe Pursuit of the American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men1967 Words   |  8 PagesOf Mice and Men is a short novel about the story of two migrant workers who are best friends during the Great Depression (Goldhurst 49). The setting is the Salinas Valley in California, and the majority of the characters are unskilled migratory workers who do what their name implies. They travel from towns and ranches and farms looking for work and eventually move on to find another job. John Steinbeck puts the spotlight on two migratory workers who dream to finally settle down by saving money toRead MoreThe Futility Of Dreaming By John Steinbeck942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish ENG1D: Block 7 February 5, 2015 The Futility of Dreaming As the late Osho believed, And desires are never here and now -- they are non-existential. They are just mental, in the mind. And they cannot be fulfilled because their very nature is to move into the future. John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men explores this theme of futile desire through various relationships and character complexes. This fictional story begins by introducing two men with a relationship built from the very foundationsRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’, Curley’s Wife is one of the many characters who represent a minority in the American society in the 1930s. In the award winning book, John Steinbeck provides many different aspects to the world he was living in at the time he wrote the novel: dreams, hopes and loneliness to name a few, all channelled through one mentality - prejudice. Curley’s Wife was one of the many characters that Steinbeck used to get his point acros s about prejudice with. She is not a complexRead MoreTheme Of Creation And Expulsion Of Cain From The Garden Of Eden Essay2550 Words   |  11 Pages When looking over Of Mice and Men, we come to realize that this work portrays various questions when it comes to man and his life. The main question that this work asks when the story is told is â€Å"is man destined to live alone, a solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is it the fate of man to care for man, to go in his way in companionship with another?† Should we ride solo or join others along the way? That is one of the themes of this work. This theme is like the theme that occurs in theRead MoreThemes, Styles, And Techniques Essay2289 Words   |  10 PagesSpencer Kandel English IV Mr. Otton 16 November 2016 Themes, Styles, and Techniques as Expressed in the Works of John Steinbeck INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO When looking over Of Mice and Men, we come to realize that this work portrays various questions when it comes to man and his life. The main question that this work asks when the story is told is â€Å"is man destined to live alone, a solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is it the fate of man to care for man, to go in his wayRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck2184 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Of Mice and Men† is a novella written by John Steinbeck in the 1930’s and he used the line from an 18th Century poem by Robert Burns as the title of the story. â€Å"Of Mice and Men† (â€Å"OMaM†) as a title foreshadows the idea portrayed by Burns in his poem â€Å"To a mouse† because in this poem the mouse’s house was destroyed in an accidental mistake which implies dreams being shattered and depression along with death following as a result. Loneliness is a key theme in this book which outlines the harsh life

Nietzsche and Platonism - 935 Words

In Twilight of the Idols Nietzsche writes, My objection against the whole of sociology in England and France remains that it knows from experience only the forms of decay, and with perfect innocence accepts its instincts of decay as the norm of sociological value-judgments. The decline of life, the decrease in the power to organize, that is to tear open clefts, subordinate and super-ordinate -- all this has been formulated as the ideal in contemporary sociology. (p 541). The culture of Europe at the time of Nietzsches writing was experiencing a general decline in vitality which was exemplified in Christianity (Platonism) and anarchy or nihilism. Nietzsche saw himself as a kind of philosophical doctor, capable of diagnosing the†¦show more content†¦The Christian is a nihilist in that they reject the only kind of life possible in the here and now, and in this rejection they undercut the possibility of the only type of meaning that ever was or ever will be available to man. They hate the world in which they are what they are, so they desire a world ruled by the mediocre. Throughout Twilight of the Idols, it is apparent that Nietzsche felt that when the weakest portions of society band together, perverting and distorting the natural order, the situation becomes nihilism. Christianity is a symptom of this tendency, but in the example of Socrates we have the typical model of the slave revolt against master morality and the most significant aspect of modern nihilism. The most important thing to know about Socrates, according to Nietzsche, is that he was ugly. This physiological fact accounts for his entire orientation towards life in the Greek Polis. He sought to take revenge upon the beautiful culture of the Greeks, and in a masterful departure from nature, he developed the art of logical arguments. It was in the practice of logic and argumentation that Socrates saw his opportunity to overpower the authority of those around him and to thus secure a position of moral superiority to them. Anyone can learn logic, and since logic is directly opposed to unsu bstantiated appeals to authority, Socrates and his followers were advocates of a kind of a type of nihilism which invitedShow MoreRelated Nietzsche And Platonism Essay examples916 Words   |  4 Pages In Twilight of the Idols Nietzsche writes, quot;My objection against the whole of sociology in England and France remains that it knows from experience only the forms of decay, and with perfect innocence accepts its instincts of decay as the norm of sociological value-judgments. The decline of life, the decrease in the power to organize, that is to tear open clefts, subordinate and super-ordinate -- all this has been formulated as the ideal in contemporary sociology.quot; (p 541). The cultureRead MoreNietzsches critique of Plato and Christianity2437 Words   |  10 Pagesourselves, the murderers of all murderers?† (Nietzsche, 1882, 1887, s. 125).This is one of many renowned and influential quotes devised by the prolific German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. A lover of Greek myths and a philologist by trade, Nietzsche expounded his controversial philosophy with an iron fist criticizing Platonism, Christianity and other popular forms of thought as anesthetising and suppressing the instinctual, impulsive energies of man. Nietzsche was the original non-conformist and trueRead MoreThe Art of Rhetoric767 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage that holds the power to (re)define happiness alongside socially constructed state and self-interested agendas. The most radical voice in this spectrum is Nietzsche who inverts historiography in his claim that â€Å"Every advance in epistemology and moral knowledge has reinstated the Sophists (Will to Power). I’ve chosen Nietzsche as a â€Å"third sophistic† figure (alongside Gorgias) particularly because he counters the rhetoric of Christianity’s beating insistence that â€Å"the meek shall inherit theRead MoreShakespeares King Lear vs. Tuesdays with Morrie1495 Words   |  6 Pagesto modernism, but its roots can be traced to ancient philosophical traditions ranging from Zoroastrianism and Judaism, Buddhism and Platonism (Flynn). The essence of existentialism is authenticity of experience, asking the philosopher to undergo deep introspection. However, existentialism is perhaps most famous for its probing questions about what Friedrich Nietzsche called the tension of the soul, (2). Known colloquially as existential angst, the tension of the soul, search for meaning and purposeRead MorePhilosophy C100 Quiz 121572 Words   |  7 Pagesphenomena |    | noumena |    | das Ding-an-sich |   X | All of the above. | 16.   The early 19th century philosophical position which maintained that being is the transcendental unfolding or expression of thought or reason was known as    | Neo-Platonism |    | Kantianism |   X | Absolute Idealism |    | Darwinism | 17.   Whose philosophy could be described as vision of the history of the universe and human consciousness as a necessary unfolding of infinite reason.    | Marx | X | Hegel | Read MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pageshis student, Aristotle, laying the groundwork for Western philosophy and science through their collective work. Plato has also been considered one of the founders of western religion, especially Christianity, which Friedrich Nietzsche called â€Å"Platonism for the people† (Nietzsche, 2013). A lot of Plato’s philosophy focused on Christian ideals and aspects that are still used today in the Christian churches around the world. Plato was very involved in Athenian politics during his time and this was reflectedRead MoreThe Romantic Imagination in Action3457 Words   |  14 Pagesgenius, the world is made through the imagination. When Nietzsche in the 19th century made the statement that there were no real facts, only interpretations, it was clear that he was summing up the legacy of the 18th century and paving the way for the promise of 20th century psychology. The concept of Will to Power is a concept of Nietzsches thought, which has lead to many interpretations. In his theory of Will to Power, Nietzsche proposes that all living things are motivated by the need toRead MoreCallicles2039 Words   |  9 Pageslogical process of dialectic. He acknowledges that Callicles will probably dismiss this account as an old wives tale however he believes that this picture of the world or something like it is worth the risk of believing. Perhaps it is this form of Platonism that Leask refers to when he says it ‘is a spiritually-directed, â€Å"religious† philosophy which, although never anti-rational, realizes that its source and its â€Å"goal† is qua spiritual, beyond the grasp of correlational, discursive thought’.12 I haveRead MoreGod Is Dead2469 Words   |  10 Pagesreligion, but to practice it openly without fear of legal retaliation or of retaliation of any kind. The God-Is-Dead Theology is not a new belief but has existed since the late nineteenth century with its roots founded in statements made by Friedrich Nietzsche who lived from 1844 and died in 1900. The sole purpose of this paper is to show the historical workings of those â€Å"theologians† who created the God-Is-Dead theology, how it got its possible rise stemming from the events of the French Revolution, andRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern World Essay example6531 Words   |  27 Pagesworldview (secularism) is believed to be the universal truth. Fredrich Nietzsche critiques that all claims of truth, reason and science are tools for the preservation of life by the will to power which seeks to control and to dominate (1968: 227). Karl Marx warns us the possibility of â€Å"false consciousness† (False belief in social reality structures that betray the believers) (Mannheim 1936: 78). Karl Mannheim learns from Nietzsche and borrows from Karl Marx the concept of false consciousness and

Summary †Automotive Supply Synchronization Free Essays

Operations Management â€Å"Automotive Supply Chain Synchronization† Summary The article, â€Å"Automotive Supply Chain Synchronization† by Matthias Berlit, Ulrich Dorndorf, and Hans Jurgen Zimmerman, discussed the importance of logistics planning in the management of automotive supply chains, and namely the role the transport management system SynroTESS played in the optimization of supply chains for Audi and Volkswagen (VW) Mexico. The article began by explaining that the unregulated inbound, internal and outbound movements within a given automotive supply chain were not only inefficient, but also led to significant wasted time evidenced by the queuing of vehicles and the congestion that results from waiting. The authors argued that this waste of resources could be overcome by the proper synchronization of movements with the use of a computer program called SyncroTESS. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary – Automotive Supply Synchronization or any similar topic only for you Order Now SyncroTESS was developed by a German IT company called INFORM and was described as a system that â€Å"intelligently synchronizes time-critical transport operations. The system is immensely capable of optimizing operations like the allocation of material handling resources within a plant to scheduling the trucks used for internal and inter-factory movements. The authors then went on to provide two case studies in which SyncroTESS was able to successfully optimize the synchronization of auto supply chains for Audi and VW Mexico. The first case study involved the Audi Ingolstadt production facility in Germany. The Ingolstadt factory is Audi’s largest production facility and produces roughly 850 built to order cars from its assembly lines daily. As we learned from the Marshall Fisher Harvard Business Review article â€Å"What is the right supply chain for your product,† these built to order vehicles are considered an innovative product must employ a market responsive supply chain to meet it’s demand properly. In order to optimize this sort of supply chain, the SyncroTESS system manages â€Å"the internal material flow† of at least 3 days worth of stock, â€Å"optimizes the execution of 60,000 internal transport orders per day,† including â€Å"up to 3,000 stock-in and 4,000 stock-out movement per day† and â€Å"the flow and transport of materials from the parts warehouse to the assembly line. As of 2006, the SyncroTESS system has been fully integrated into Audi’s IT system and is still currently in use. In fact, SyncroTESS’s responsibilities have been expanded to include the scheduling of about 500 inbound truck movements a day. The second case study showcased the impact of t he SyncroTESS system in the optimization of controlling finished auto inventory in the yards of VW Mexico. The vehicle yards in Mexico distribute about 350,000 vehicles to dealers worldwide yearly. The inventory is specifically tailored to store 2 types of production vehicles; built to order, hence innovative products, for the European market and built to stock, otherwise known as functional products, for the Mexican and North American markets. Although VW Mexico was dealing with essentially two types of products, the fact that these products were already completed and ready for shipment, this case study focused on SyncroTESS’s ability to handle an efficient supply chain for otherwise functional products. VW Mexico successfully implemented the optimization of its supply chain by marrying the SyncroTESS transport management system with VW’s proprietary TOMCADS system. This action allowed VW to rely on a single all encompassing logistical operation system and eliminated the confusion created from the use of the 3rd party logistic providers (3PLs) of the past. SyncroTESS and TOMCADS worked in concert through a process called â€Å"intelligent yard management. VW’s TOMCADS system would inform SyncroTESS of a vehicle’s impending arrival. At that time, the car would be inspected and â€Å"in the event of any defects† the car would be â€Å"returned to production and SyncroTESS (would) re-plan the car’s route allowing for repairs. † Otherwise, the synchronization system would work to optimize the flow of the vehicle inventory from each yard in great detail; from the flow of each vehicle within specific yards, to the order in which vehicle would be l oaded as cargo to reduce wasted movement. The successful impact of the synchronization of transport management systems was made evident when Bjorn Beckmann, head of Logistics Planning group at VW Mexico, explained that, â€Å"As a result of the (now) large number of cars leaving and entering our operations, most cars do not remain longer than 1. 5 days in the yards. † This lower lead-time in delivering the finished inventory is beneficial to both responsive and efficient supply chains, satisfying the demand of both types of production vehicles. The authors would then go on to describe how SyncroTESS has evolved to nclude GPS technology to further track the movement of inventory in real time. The full integration of the logistical system has allowed VW Mexico to create a more complete picture of its inventory flow. In fact, In addition to Audi and VW, BMW and Daimler have also adopted synchronization technology to optimize the execution of their supply chain with a typical â€Å"break-even period of two years. † The conclusion drawn from the authors essentially reinforced Fisher’s stance that the implementation of the proper supply chain for a given product, despite the cost, is ultimately more beneficial to a company than focusing on cost alone. How to cite Summary – Automotive Supply Synchronization, Essay examples

Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors free essay sample

?Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40) Plan: Intro –What is a hazard? Human and Physical Factors – How to manage with events Main – Natural Hazards – Human Factors – Management – Case Studies –California 1994 –Gujarat 2001 –Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 Earthquake Hazards occur when there are adverse effects on human activities. This can include surface faulting, ground shaking and liquefaction. In this essay I will be discussing the factors that affect earthquakes, whether human such as population density, urbanisation and earthquake mitigation or physical such as liquefaction, magnitude, landslides and proximity to the focus. Economic Development is one of the greatest human factors that affect the impacts. For example, in the Northridge Earthquake, California in 1994 only 57 people died after the 6. 7 magnitude quake occurred. Compare this to an LEDC such as India, and the Gujarat Earthquake in 2001, we can see how much of a difference being developed makes. The 7. 9 magnitude quake on the 26th January 2001, Gujarat claimed 20,000 people and injured a further 160,000, but in California, only 57 people died and there were only 1500 injuries. This is due to the development of the country which encompasses factors such as money to prepare for the quake and also money for aid after the quake too. As the USA’s GDP per capita stands at 49,965 USD and India’s is only 1,489 USD we can see that this would affect the money spent on quake proofing buildings, education for evacuation and money for aid too. But in India there is less economic development and as a result there were far more fatalities and impacts such as in the town of Bhuj, over 90% of all buildings were damaged. One physical factor of an earthquake is the possibility of lowland coastal areas being open to tsunami threats. The Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004, claimed 300,000 people due to the earthquake of magnitude 9. 0 triggering a slip in the plates. The focus, off the northwest tip of Sumatra, allowed the waves triggered by the quake to resonate around the Indian Ocean, destroying coastal areas of India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and even the shorelines of eastern Kenya. Millions were made homeless by the huge waves that swept houses and cars away. It was estimated that the costs to repair all damage would be at approximately $5 billion. Another human factor is the earthquake mitigation through education and community awareness. Schemes such as the one in Sichuan, China helped to save thousands of lives. The weekly intervals of training in case of an earthquake, educated children and adults of what to do when the quake struck. Evacuation schemes such as the window slides or hiding under tables was reported to have saved thousands when the magnitude 8. 0 hit the area in 2008. However, some were not saved due to their unwillingness to move and evacuate the area. Some people of the village, notably the poorer and elderly refused to leave as they didn’t want to leave all they owned behind. The proximity of settlements to an area of seismic activity and the growth of urbanisation are two more human factors that affect the impacts greatly. These factors can cause many fatalities, but the impacts can be decreased by using land use regulations. These include land use zoning and exclusion zones, where there are laws as to the type and size of buildings able to be built in that area. This prevents many fatalities unlike in the Gujarat Earthquake, where it was estimated that 800,000 buildings were seriously damaged. A final human factor is that of using strict building codes so that the numbers of fatalities are kept to a minimum. This was particularly evident in Kobe Earthquake of 1995. When the 6. 9 magnitude struck, the main urban area of the CBD where all of the sky scrapers were situated remained standing. This was due to the building codes like the spring built foundations used in the towers. The scheme was a great success as it prevented the loss of thousands of lives. Another example was in the Northridge quake of 1994, California, where a good proportion of the 57 that died were due to collapse of buildings. Although America does now implement strict building codes, at the time, the buildings were old and so when they were built there were no codes. Finally, the physical factor of land relief plays a major part in impacting on people when a quake strikes. For example in the Haitian earthquake of 2010, although there were over 220,000 deaths, not many of these were caused by secondary effects such as landslides. Because Haiti is a low lying country, there weren’t any opportunities to suffer more fatalities through landslides, however, in the lesser known quake in Iwate-Miyagi-Nariku, Japan there were many landslides, the largest of which was caused by the 7. 2 magnitude earthquake which occurred on 14 June 2008. In conclusion, I think that it is difficult to argue convincingly that the impact of human hazards depends primarily on human factors because in every case there are always numerous factors that contribute to the extent of the earthquake. The easy route would be to argue that less developed countries are impacted more seriously by earthquakes due to human factors such as poorly built infrastructure and high population densities however; this is not necessarily the case in California where some of the impacts were primarily dependent on the human factors such as poorly constructed buildings in the area. But, all impacts of any case study cannot be proven to be as a result of human factors, thus it is impossible to argue that the impacts of earthquakes hazards depend primarily on human factors. The important word is â€Å"primarily†, and although it is clear that the impacts are affected by human factors, they are not solely responsible for causing all of the impacts of any earthquake.

The Importance of Capital Budgeting free essay sample

The importance of capital Budgeting In the world of business, capital budgeting is one of the most important steps that a company can take. Many in the business world do not properly understand the importance of capital budgeting. Here are the basics of capital budgeting and why it is important to businesses. What Is Capital Budgeting? Capital budgeting is a process that attempts to determine the future. Before any large project begins, the capital budgeting process should be utilized. Without capital budgeting, your company could make a fatal mistake.Here are a few aspects of the capital budgeting process and why each one is critical to your success. Identify Opportunities As a business owner or entrepreneur, you are often presented with many different potential opportunities. You could go in a number of different directions as a company. The first step in the capital budgeting process is identifying which opportunities are available to you at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Capital Budgeting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before you can make a decision he have to know what is available first. Assess OpportunitiesOnce you have identified the possible opportunities for your business, the next step in the process is to assess each opportunity individually. You to compare each opportunity against your vision for the company and the mission statement. Look at the values of each opportunity and see if they match with your own values. Many of the potential opportunities can be eliminated in the step before you can get into the financial information. You want only pursue opportunities that match your business plan. Cash Flow AssessmentAnother vital part of the capital budgeting process is cash flow assessment. When looking at a new project, you to come up with a cash flow plan for it. You need to estimate the amount of cash that will take to complete the project and how much cash it will require going forward. This often requires the consultation of several different experts. For example, if you are considering starting a new plant for your business, you will need to consult with an architect and possibly a builder to determine how much it would ost. If building is not your expertise, do not rely on guesstimates for your information. The second part of the cash flow assessment process helps you determine how much money are project could bring in. When calculating these numbers do not ever use the best case scenario. Use numbers that are more realistic for your assessment. This part of the process helps you determine whether the project is viable or not. Making DecisionsUltimately, the objective of capital budgeting is to help you make decisions that are smart for your business. Taking the necessary steps to evaluate each opportunity can help you avoid disastrous consequences for your business. If these steps are not taken, you can take on a project that does not bring any value to your company. Ultimately, it could prove to be the last mistake your company remakes. Therefore, the capital budgeting process is crucial to consider before making any big decisions for any type of project.

Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum Essay Example

Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum? Essay We use practical work in science classes when students are unlikely to have observed the phenomenon we are interested in or to have observed it in sufficient detail in their everyday lives. In such situations, it is essential and irreplaceable. (Millar, 2004, p. 9). The centrality of the laboratory to the teaching of science has become like the addicts relationship to their drug; an unquestioned dependency which needs to be re-examined and weakened if not broken altogether. (Osborne, 1998, p. 156). The juxtaposing statements above form the base of this research piece on the place of practical investigation in our curriculum. Both authors are well respected in their fields, and both have completely opposite views on not only the effective teaching of, but also indeed the very place of practical work in the Primary National Curriculum. This is particularly relevant as the curriculum is currently in a state of flux due to the National Curriculum Review. We will write a custom essay sample on Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The National Curriculum Review has stated that Science will be kept as a Core subject when the new curriculum is released next year, but until early 2012 it is not known exactly what the programme of study will entail. What is known is that teachers are being given the freedom to teach their subjects in their own way; they are being told what to teach, but not how to teach it, which is a massive step forward from the old curriculum (National Curriculum Review, 2011). However, this does raise concerns about how, and indeed if, teachers should incorporate practical work and experiments into their lessons, or if it is easier to teach scientific concepts through other means, such as videos and worksheets. This research piece will draw on both literature reviews and the authors own personal experiences and observations in an effort to ascertain whether or not practical investigation is indeed an effective method of teaching science, or whether the risk of it being taught poorly negates its place in the curriculum entirely. So what is practical work? In recent decades the role of practical work was and to some extent still is heavily influenced by the Nuffield science teaching projects of the 1960s. These projects aimed to turn pupils into scientists in their science lessons, and so many new experiments and apparatus were integrated into school science. It was assumed that if children were allowed to make the necessary observations of selected experiments and procedures then they would be able to infer and conclude scientific laws and theories by themselves too. Nowadays, it is clear that children will not arrive at the laws of science by a process of natural intuition, and nor is this the way that real scientists arrive at these conclusions either (Alsop Hicks, 2001). With this in mind, the role of practical work is becoming more creative and teachers are using methods other than just laboratory-based work to get children involved. Practical work now includes: group discussion, science trips, videos and interactive whiteboard resources, ICT programmes and whole class/pair/group and individual experiments. Due to these recent changes in understanding how children learn, practical work in science is evolving and there is a lot of support for it, whilst still some arguments against it. Wellington (1998) states that there are at least six types of activity that take place in school science that we would probably all class as practical work: teacher demonstrations, whole-class practicals (with all learners on similar tasks), working in small groups, a carousel of experiments with small groups engaged in different activities (rotating round each experiment) and investigations organised in one of the above two ways. In order for teachers to feel confident about teaching each one, it is obvious that they need to practise and gain experience of each technique. Wellington (1998) also presents three arguments and corresponding counter arguments for doing practical work: the cognitive argument, the affective argument and the skills argument. The cognitive argument is based on the premise that by carrying out practical work, children will better understand complex theories and abstract concepts of science education as these can be visualised and confirmed by their own experiences. However, in 2000 Wellington admitted that practical work can lead just as easily to confusion as to clarity of understanding, especially if the teacher is not entirely comfortable with their subject knowledge. The affective argument is the belief that practical work helps to generate interest and motivation for the subject. Wellington believes that pupils find it easier to remember the information and that the excitement around the subject means they will concentrate better. However, Johnstone Wham (1982) noted that whilst pupils do indeed enjoy practical work and pick up motor skills with varying degrees of proficiency, they actually learn little of the theoretical information that practical work is purported to initiate and provide. The skills argument claims that practical work helps to promote the development of intrinsically valuable skills such as: observation, inferring, investigating and hypothesising. However, Hofstein Mamlok-Naaman (2007); and Jenkins (1999) also argue that the practical skills children learn in laboratory-based science lessons bear no relation to the real world of scientists, where many of the techniques that children learn are now either outdated or completed by automated machines. They believe that the problems children encounter in the classroom are psuedo scientific, with children often knowing the answer and the outcome before they begin, meaning that the work becomes a lengthy elaboration of the obvious (Leach Paulsen, 1999, p.27). It is not only Wellington who believes that practical work in science should play a role in our curriculum; both the government and researchers such as Dillon and Woodley also argue that practical investigation in science is one of the most effective methods of successfully teaching difficult scientific concepts to children, as it allows children to gain a wide range of skills. These include: giving the child first-hand experience of scientific equipment, materials, living things and artefacts, increasing the childs sense of ownership, improving the childs social skills, teaching them how to work safely and responsibly and teaching them observational, analytical, critical and evaluation skills, as well as motor skills (HMI, 1999; Dillon, 2008; and Hodson, 1993). Aside from the government and researchers believing that practical investigations are an important aspect of science; teachers and students are positive about practical work too. For example, in a recent NESTA survey (n=510), 99% of the sample of UK science teachers believed that practical and enquiry-based learning had a positive impact (83% very; 16% a little) on student performance, understanding and attainment (NESTA, 2005a, p. 5). Whilst it is true that the quality of practical work varies considerably, there is strong evidence both from this country and abroad that, When well-planned and effectively implemented, science education, laboratory and simulation experiences situate students learning in varying levels of inquiry, requiring students to be both mentally and physically engaged in ways that are not possible in other science education experiences (Lunetta et al., 2007, p. 405). Evidence of effective practice in the use of practical work comes from a range of studies. For example, White and Gunstones (1992) study indicates that students must manipulate ideas as well as materials in the school laboratory, as this helps to deepen their understanding by allowing them to gain experience of scientific concepts and activities for themselves, which creates a physical (hands-on) to cognitive (brains-on) link. There is a growing body of research showing the effectiveness of linking hands-on and brains-on activities in school science both inside and outside the laboratory. Brains-on refers to scientific ideas that account for childrens observations, and hands-on occurs when children build a bridge between what they can see and what they are handling. Making these connections is challenging, so practical activities that make these links explicit are more likely to be successful (Millar, 2004; Lazarowitz Tamir, 1994; and Hofstein Lunetta, 2004). With so much research in favour of practical work, it is perhaps surprising to learn that some bodies still dispute its worth and effectiveness. However, this is largely due to concerns over teachers subject knowledge and planning skills. Research shows that teachers are not confident when it comes to teaching science practically, and also that they do not always have a clearly defined beginning, middle and end to their lessons, which is paramount to childrens understanding. Many teachers are also far too vague with their learning objectives and success criteria. Abrahams Millar (2008); Wellington (1998); Woolnough and Allsop (1985); and Gough (1998) found that many experiments are nothing of the sort, and that teachers need to devote more lesson time to helping students discuss ideas associated with the phenomena they have produced, rather than seeing the successful production of the phenomenon as the most important and sometimes only learning objective. Whilst the National Curriculum (Great Britain. Department for Education and Employment, 1999) specifies that practical and investigative activities must be carried out by pupils, and (as previously discussed) there is research to indicate that generally teachers strongly advocate the use of practical work and experience, it has to be noted that there is still a gap between policy and practice; between what is written in curriculum documents, what teachers say they do and what pupils actually experience. For example, Lunetta et al. (2007); Hodson (1993 and 2001); and Wilkenson Ward (1997) note that despite a recent shift of emphasis towards learning outcomes and success criteria, there is a chasm between what teachers identify as their outcomes before lessons and the outcomes that their students perceive after the lesson has finished. Hodson (2001) found that teachers stated lesson aims frequently failed to be addressed during actual lessons and that often children left lessons unawa re of what the learning outcome was, and whether or not they had achieved it. Tamir and Lunetta (1981) found that despite curriculum reform aimed at improving the quality of practical work, students spent too much time following recipes and, consequently practising lower level skills. As a result, students failed to perceive the conceptual and procedural understandings that were the teachers intended goals for the laboratory activities (Lunetta et al., 2007, p. 403). This pattern of under-utilisation of the opportunities provided by practical activities has been reported by several researchers including: Tasker, (1981); Hofstein and Lunetta, (1982); Champagne et al., (1985); Domin, (1988); Eylon and Linn, (1988); and of course not forgetting Osborne (1998)! With so much debate over practical science, it is hardly surprising that many teachers lack the confidence needed to teach it successfully. Teachers subject knowledge needs to be completely sound, and they also need to be aware that things may happen in the experiments that they are not anticipating; the outcome may not always be what they expect; but there is always something valuable to be learnt from practical science, at least in this authors opinion. The author observed many instances where practical science was being taught effectively, and some where it was not so useful for the children and these are detailed in the case studies below. The first case study the author observed was in a Year 3 class, where the children were learning about light and shadow using shadow puppets. This was a particularly effective use of practical science as it was also cross-curricular. The children used techniques they had learnt in both Art and Design and Technology to create their own shadow puppets after the teacher had modelled it to them. They also gathered ideas from watching a video where a puppeteer explained that different materials could be utilised to make the puppets, and she put on a short show herself. The children experimented with different opaque materials such as card and wood, as well as translucent and transparent objects such as paper and transparent film, which they coloured in. The teacher allowed the children to experiment freely; only giving them very basic guidance on the best materials to use and how the light should be positioned in an attempt to let the children discover the best materials and position them selves. Feedback from the children was highly positive, with many saying the activity had been lots of fun and that they now knew that opaque materials were the best to use, and that to make things seem bigger the light needed to be further away, or closer for making things appear smaller. The teacher had succeeded in her learning objective of helping the children understand that shadows form when light from a source is blocked in some way, by either translucent or opaque objects, and she was more confident in teaching practical science after that, so the author believes this was a positive instance of practical science being used successfully.

Psychological Disorder Paper free essay sample

Psychological Disorder Paper An out-of-body experience is explained by few as a sense of being detached from one’s body, and if associated with other factors like a sense that the world is not real, far away, or even foggy. This with the combination of failure to recall significant personal information, or the content of a meaningful conversation forgotten from one second to the next are signs of a psychological disorder known as Dissociative Disorder. Considered as a rare and mysterious psychiatric curiosity, Dissociative Disorders will be the psychological disorder that will be discussed in this paper. The term Dissociative Disorder is commonly used when the individual does not meet the criteria for a specific disorder, yet the individual has indicator or signs that would place him or her in a group labeled Dissociative Disorder. Memory loss, depression, anxiety, sense of being detached, blurred and imaginary perception as well as unclear sense of identity are the common signs and symptoms of Dissociative Disorders. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorder Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, the American Psychiatric Association has recognized and defined four key Dissociative Disorders and they are; Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Amnesia, Depersonalization Disorder, and Dissociative Fugue. The most recognized and publicized Dissociative Disorder is Multiple Personality Disorder or Dissociative Identity Disorder. This is a state that is linked with the display of switching alternate identities when the individual is under strain and distress. In dissociative identity disorder, individuals may sense the existence of there being voices conversing or existing inside their head. In addition, individuals with this disorder experience major disruptions in memory along with two or more distinct personalities. Furthermore, every one of these personalities may have a distinctive name, private past as well as individual characteristics. This can encompass apparent change in the individual’s voice, mannerisms, and sexual characteristics. In addition, there are also differences that are acknowledged by the way in how recognizable each identity is with the others. However, not all psychologists believe that dissociative identity disorder is real. Some have suggested other mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and borderline personality disorder is often mistaken as dissociative identity disorder. Individuals diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder more often than not also have dissociative amnesia as well. Another Dissociative Disorder would be Dissociate Fugue, which is a disorder that illustrates the individual’s sudden amnesia and identity confusion. When in a fugue state, the individual might unexpectedly travel long distances from home, wandering through different cities. In some rare cases, individuals have been known to take on a totally new identity. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines socialization as â€Å"a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position†(Merriam-Webster, 2011). However, this disorder can become a double-edged sword because it protects the individuals from awareness of the pain, yet the individuals who dissociates themselves often find personal history and identity is affected. Furthermore, these actions do result in serious pathology, trouble forming or maintaining relationships as well as failure to function when under stress. Individuals with Dissociated Disorders tend not to remember encounters or conversations that they may have with other individuals within society. This can lead to hurt feelings or a sense of disrespect and hate towards those individuals diagnosed with a Dissociated Disorder because they are not aware of this. This also proves that these actions or behaviors can lead to habitual defensive dissociation that may result into serious dysfunction in work, social, and daily activities alike. Human development is considered as the process of attaining a best level of health and well-being that takes into account physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, economic, and cultural means. However, with disassociated disorders untreated it can make this simply impossible for the individuals battling this disorder to achieve. At an intellectual and social level this disorder can cause individuals to isolate one’s self from the public as well as view individuals within their society as possible predators. This can lead as well as cause mental and emotional stress on the individuals. Furthermore, this would deter these individuals from change or obtaining coping skills that would allow the individuals a way to manage the disorder in a positive and healthy manner. Dissociated Disorders can hider progress within the individual trying to obtain psychological needs such as food and sleep. According to Maslow, these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy of his theory because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. Based on the symptoms or signs of this disorder, the individuals may suffer insomnia or a sense of fatigue as well as a lack of appetite or extreme eating conditions that is developed to cope with the disorder. The next level of needs that this disorder affects is the individuals’ security needs that include employment and shelter from the environment. Dissociated Disorders may cause individuals to go from job to job because they are not able to maintain at one job. In addition, some individuals wind up in the court system or even homeless because of their disorder. They are unable to maintain employment needed for housing and normally end up in the streets or in prison. Social needs on Maslow’s hierarchy are another factor that is affected by this disorder. The need for belonging and love can be very difficult for these individuals to meet because the disorder, when untreated, makes having and maintaining a relationship impossible. Furthermore, these individuals are likely to isolate themselves from their community to avoid such stressful situations that this can create. Treatment for Dissociated Disorder can encompass few avenues for the individual to explore. Psychotherapy or Cognitive Therapy appears to be the main treatment for this group of disorders. This form of treatment includes talking about the disorder as well as issues associated with this disorder together with a mental health provider. This will assist the individuals with this disorder to be aware of the cause of the condition, and to develop positive and healthy techniques of managing stressful situations. In some situations hypnosis is introduced into this treatment in order to assist the individual in recollecting the trauma that triggered the symptoms of the disorder. In general, this treatment tactic is very helpful in dealing with individuals that face dissociative disorders. Another idea or tool for treatment that is used for Dissociated Disorders is Creative Art Therapy. This is a type of therapy assist individuals in expressing their thoughts and feelings by using a creative process to do so. This therapy encompasses such positive outlets for these individuals through dance, art, poetry, and music. In addition, this form of therapy also offers the individuals the opportunity to encourage self-awareness as well as a healthy way to foster positive changes that allows these individuals to deal with their symptoms and traumatic experiences. A treatment that may be used as last resort or as a combination with other treatment plans or therapy would be Medication Therapy. This is a therapy that incorporates medication in order to offer the individual a fuller life. Even though there are no medications that specifically treat dissociative disorders, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications or tranquilizers are used to assist in managing the symptoms that are associated with dissociative disorders. In conclusion, this paper has described and illustrated the effectiveness that Dissociated Disorders have on the individuals’ human development as well as their socialization. In addition, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was used to illustrate how this disorder can affect the individuals’ quality of living if the disorder goes untreated. Even with challenges and obstacles that are placed in front of these individuals, there is still hope for them to obtain or accomplish a certain level of need that is required for them to function within their own society in a positive and healthy way. It was best said by Mohandas Gandhi when addressing human development and socialization by saying; â€Å"I claim that human mind or human society is not divided into watertight compartments called social, political and religious. All act and react upon one another. † References: Cornell University College of Human Ecology, (Homepage, 2011): http://www. human. cornell. edu Mayo Clinic, (Homepage, 2011): http://www. mayoclinic. com Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, (Homepage, 2011): http://www. merriam-webster. com National Alliance on Mental Illness, (Homepage, 2011): http://www. nami. org Web MD, (Homepage, 2011): http://www. webmd. com

The 8 Most Common Mistakes You Make on ACT English

The 8 Most Common Mistakes You Make on ACT English SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Over the past five years, I've tutored dozens of students on the ACT and seen them miss the same types of questions over and over again. The ACT English section really only tests a handful of concepts, so it's easy to make the same exact mistake onthree or four questions- which really hurts your score. Don't worry, though! I've come up with eightsimple rules you can follow to help you avoid the most common problemson the ACT English and automatically raise your score 1-2 points. Use my ACT English strategies and practice on a lot of realistic questions, and you'll raise your English score. A lot of common mistakes revolve around going with the answer that sounds right rather than the choice that follows the rules. To help you spot the difference, I'llgo through the mistakes most students make in order of frequencyand explain how you can avoid them: Avoiding NO CHANGE Not removing redundant or irrelevant words Insertingtoo many commas Incorrectly punctuating independent clauses Mixing up it's and its Using they instead of he or she Glossing over the question Missing modifier errors Mistake #1: Assuming Every Underlined Portion Includes an Error NO CHANGE seems like it must be wrong, but it's actually correct slightly more than 25% of the time. Don't automatically rule out choice A orF, and don't second guess yourself if you have NO CHANGE as the answer for multiple questions in a row. Instead, if you can't find an error and think NO CHANGE might be the best choice, look at the differences between the answers and try to determine whattypeof question it is. Are all the answers verbs? It's probably a verb tense or subject-verb agreement question. Does each answer have commas placed in different locations? It's likely a comma question. (Keep in mind, however, that some questions test more than one concept.) Once you know what kind of question it is, you can determine whether the original version avoids the error. Is the verb properly conjugated? The commas properly placed? The trick to not being confused by NO CHANGE is treating it like any other answer. If the best version of the underlined portion is the original one, then pick A. For more information on the frequency of NO CHANGE, check out our full analysis. Mistake#2: Leaving in Extra Words Relevanceand redundancy are two of the least intuitive concepts on the ACT English section. Questions that test these topics require you eliminate totally grammatically acceptable phrases that often seem to add information. The key to understanding how to approach these questions is recognizing that not all information is useful. Take a look at this example sentence: Every spring, I go through my yearly house-cleaning ritual and clean my home. This sentence is perfectly grammatical and easy to understand. However, it repeats certain ideas unecessarily. "Every spring" is by definition "yearly," so we don't need the second word. Moreover, the "ritual" is explicitlydescribed as "house-cleaning," so "and clean my home" is redundant. Every spring, I go through my house-cleaning ritual. If an answer restates something that's already been established or adds information that isn't directly related to the point at hand, it's probably wrong. Try taking the extra wordsout and see if the sentence still makes sense (both grammatically and logically). If so, pick the answer that leaves out the unnecessary words. Don't be afraid to choose OMIT the underlined portion, if you think the passage works without the whole underlined section. For a more in depth take on redundancy questions, see our full post on the topic. Mistake #3: Adding Unnecessary Commas Many students believe that you should put a comma any place in a sentence where there's a pause, but this approach will result in your missing a lot of questions. Take a look at the following example: I know Callie thought that accusing Jon, of stealing the headphones, would just cause more problems. These commas may seem correct, but they're actually unnecessary. Although this sentence is fairly long, it doesn't require any commas at all: I know Callie thought that accusing Jon of stealing the headphones would just cause more problems. The truth is that commas are only necessary in very specific situations. A good rule of thumb is "When in doubt, leave it out!" If comma questions are tripping you up, our complete guide to commas on the ACT can help you understand when you need them and when you don't. This is not a wise attitude to take towards commas. Mistake #4: Connecting Independent Clauses Incorrectly One of the most common ACT English comma issues is called a comma splice, it occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses (this sentence is an example!). There are four correct ways to connect two complete thoughts: a period, a semicolon, a colon, and a coordinating conjunction with a comma. Let's look at some alternate versions of the sentence above: Incorrect: One of the most common comma issues is called a comma splice it occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses. Incorrect: One of the most common comma issues is called a comma splice and it occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses. Correct: One of the most common comma issues is called a comma splice. It occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses. Correct: One of the most common comma issues is called a comma splice; it occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses. Correct: One of the most common comma issues is called a comma splice: it occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses. Correct: One of the most common comma issues is called a comma splice, and it occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses. For more information on comma splices and other forms of run-on sentences, take a look at our in depth article. Mistake #5: Confusing It's, Its, and Its' The differences between can seem complicated, especially if you haven't studied them in a while, but they're actually quite straight forward. Its, with no apostrophe, is a possessivepronoun. It's equivalent to "his" or "her," which you'll notice don't have apostrophes either. It's, with an apostrophe before the s, is a contraction of "it is" or "it has." Contractions always have to have an apostrophe to replace the dropped letter or letters. Its', with an apostrophe after the s, isn't a real word. This construction will appear as an answer on the ACT but it's always wrong. When trying to determine whether the word needs an apostrophe, you should replace it with with "it is" (or "it has," depending on context) and see if the sentence makes sense. If so, "it's" is correct. If not, "its" is. Let's go over an example: The cat pinned back its' ears to show displeasure. We know "its'" can't be correct- we just have to determine whether it should be "it's" or "its." Let's plug in "it is" and see if that makes sense: The cat pinned back it is ears to show displeasure. That version doesn't make sense. "Its" is the correct choice, since the pronoun is meant to indicate that the ears belong to the cat: The cat pinned back its ears to show displeasure. For more information on its vs. it's and other apostrophe issues, check out our post on punctuation. This deer may be confused, but you don't have to be! Mistake #6: Using They or Their as a Singular Pronoun When we speak, we routinely use the plural pronouns "they," "their," and "them" to refer to individuals on uncertain gender (e.g. the child, the teacher, the inventor).In written English, however, this usage is considered a pronoun agreement error: the noun is singular, but the pronoun replacing it is plural. Take a look at this example sentence: Incorrect: At the end of many fantasynovel, the protagonist must face their nemesis in single combat. Correct:At the end of manyfantasy novels, the protagonist must face his or hernemesis in single combat. Though it may seemoverly complicated, the second version of the sentence correctly matches noun and pronoun. Pronoun agreement is frequently tested and can be tricky, so consider checkingout our complete guide to pronoun agreement on ACT English. Mistake #7: Not Reading the Question Because most of the questions on ACT English revolve only around underlined portions of the passage, it’s easy to gloss overquestions when they appear. However, as with the other sections of the ACT, it's extremely important to carefully read the questions and think about what they're asking. Usually, the best indication of the answer is right there in the question. This ruleis especially vital toanswering questions that ask about which version of a sentence or phrase is best. It can be tempting to simply pick the answer you think sounds best, but this approach will usually give you the wrong answer. Instead, look atwhat the question is asking for, e.g. "specific details" or "information that sets up a contrast." The ACT English section includesa pretty wide range of questions that usethis format, so if you're struggling with these types of questions take a look at some of our general advice on the ACT English questions and passages. Mistake #8: MisplacingModifiers Misplaced and dangling modifiers- descriptive words or phrases that are incorrectly placed in a sentence- are another type of weird error that oftendoesn't seem wrong. Nonetheless, the ACT includes them fairly frequently, so keep this key rule in mind: a modifier must be next to whatever it modifies. Incorrect: While walking, the banana peel tripped me. Correct: While walking, I tripped on the banana peel. Dangling modifiers (which, like the example above, are introductoryphrases that are separated from the thing they're modifying) are especially tricky. Be on the lookout for sentences that begin with descriptive phrases- they must be followed by the noun theydescribe. For further details on both dangling and misplaced modifiers, see our grammar guide to ACT Englishfaulty modifiers. Keep on going towards the score you want! (Image: Piermario/Flickr) What's Next? Take the time to get comfortable with other frequently tested concepts like subject-verb agreementandpronoun case. Looking to build a study plan? Read our complete plan to studying for the ACT, review what the ACT English actually covers, and take a practice test (or five!). If you're aiming especially high (or even if you aren't), make sure to check out these 9 key strategies from a perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

First And Second Reconstructions Essays - Reconstruction Era

First And Second Reconstructions Essays - Reconstruction Era First and Second Reconstructions The First and Second Reconstructions held out the great promise of rectifying racial injustices in America. The First Reconstruction, emerging out of the chaos of the Civil War had as its goals equality for Blacks in voting, politics, and use of public facilities. The Second Reconstruction emerging out of the booming economy of the 1950's, had as its goals, integration, the end of Jim Crow and the more amorphous goal of making America a biracial democracy where, "the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave holders will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood." Even though both movements, were borne of high hopes they failed in bringing about their goals. Born in hope, they died in despair, as both movements saw many of their gains washed away. I propose to examine why they failed in realizing their goals. My thesis is that failure to incorporate economic justice for Blacks in both movements led to the failure of the First and Second Reconstruction. The First Reconstruction came after the Civil War and lasted till 1877. The political, social, and economic conditions after the Civil War defined the goals of the First Reconstruction. At this time the Congress was divided politically on issues that grew out of the Civil War: Black equality, rebuilding the South, readmitting Southern states to Union, and deciding who would control government.1 Socially, the South was in chaos. Newly emancipated slaves wandered the South after having left their former masters, and the White population was spiritually devastated, uneasy about what lay ahead. Economically, the South was also devastated: plantations lay ruined, railroads torn up, the system of slave labor in shambles, and cities burnt down. The economic condition of ex-slaves after the Civil War was just as uncertain; many had left former masters and roamed the highways.2 Amid the post Civil War chaos, various political groups were scrambling to further their agendas. First, Southern Democrats, a party comprised of leaders of the confederacy and other wealthy Southern whites, sought to end what they perceived as Northern domination of the South. They also sought to institute Black Codes, by limiting the rights of Blacks to move, vote, travel, and change jobs,3 which like slavery, would provide an adequate and cheap labor supply for plantations. Second, Moderate Republicans wanted to pursue a policy of reconciliation between North and South, but at the same time ensure slavery was abolished.4 Third, Radical Republicans, comprised of Northern politicians, were strongly opposed to slavery, unsympathetic to the South, wanted to protect newly free slaves, and keep there majority in Congress.5 The fourth political element, at the end of the Civil War was President Andrew Johnson whose major goal was unifying the nation. The fifth element were various fringe groups such as, abolitionists and Quakers. Strongly motivated by principle and a belief in equality, they believed that Blacks needed equality in American society, although they differed on what the nature of that should be.6 The Northern Radical Republicans, with a majority in Congress, emerged as the political group that set the goals for Reconstruction which was to prevent slavery from rising again in the South. At first, the Radical Republicans thought this could be accomplished by outlawing slavery with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. But Southern Democrats in their quest to restore their rule in the South brought back slavery in all but name, by passing Black Codes as early as 1865. Both Moderate Republicans and Radical Republicans in Congress reacted. Joining together in 1866, they passed a bill to extend the life and responsibilities of the Freedmen's Bureau to protect newly freed slaves against the various Black Codes. President Johnson vetoed the bill, but Radical and Moderate Republicans eventually were able to pass it.7 The Black Codes and President Johnson's veto of all Reconstruction legislation that was unfavorable to the South caused Moderate and Radical Republicans to change their goals from just ending slavery to seeking political equality and voting rights for Blacks.8 The new goals, were based on humanitarian and political considerations. Northerners had grown increasingly sympathetic to the plight of the Blacks in the South following numerous well publicized incidents in which innocent Blacks were harassed, beaten, and killed.9

Read and Understand Measurements in House Plans

Read and Understand Measurements in House Plans Its easy to purchase house plans from a website or house plan catalog, but they hardly ever come with directions for reading floor plans. What are you buying? Will the completed house measure up to your expectations? The following hints come from an architect who designs luxury house plans and custom homes. He wants you to know about measuring. - ed. Key Facts About Measuring area: measured in square feet (or square meters), the rectangular length times the width; the area of a triangle is one-half the base times the heightvolume: the length times the width times the heightarea of a composite: for an irregularly shaped room, divide the room into regular shapes (rectangles and triangles) and sum the areasgross area: measured from the exterior wall foundation, so the area includes wall thicknessnet area: measured from interior walls; area of the living spacearchitect scale: a three-sided measuring device with six measuring edges (described as prism-shaped), similar to a ruler, but used to interpret the true size of a line drawn to scale on a floor plan or blueprint Size Up Your House Plan When you compare house plans, one of the more important characteristics you’ll consider is the area of the floor plan - the size of the plan - measured in square feet or square meters. Heres a little secret. Square feet and square meters are not measured the same on every house plan. Any two house plans that appear to be of equal area may not really be. Does this make much difference when you’re choosing a plan? You bet it does! On a 3,000 square foot plan, a difference of only 10 percent might unexpectedly cost you tens of thousands of dollars. Question the Measurements Builders, architects, real estate professionals, bankers, auditors, and appraisers often report room sizes differently to better suit their particular needs. House plan services also vary in their area-calculation protocols. In order to compare floor plan areas accurately, you’ve got to be sure that the areas are counted the same. Generally, builders and real estate professionals want to show that a house is as big as possible. Their goal is to quote a lower cost per square foot or square meter so that the house will appear more valuable. In contrast, appraisers, assessors, and county auditors usually measure the perimeter of the house - a typically very rough way to calculate area - and call it a day. Architects break the size down into components: first floor, second floor, porches, finished lower level, etc. To arrive at an apples-to-apples comparison of house areas you’ve got to know what’s included in the totals. Does the area include only heated and cooled spaces? Does it include everything under roof? Even garages? What about closets? Or do the measurements include only living space? Ask How Rooms Are Measured But even when you’ve discovered exactly what spaces are included in the area calculation youll need to know how volume is counted, and whether the total reflects the net or the gross square footage (or square meters). Gross area is the total of everything within the outer edge of the perimeter of the house. Net area is that same total - less the thicknesses of walls. In other words, net square footage is the part of the floor that you can walk on. Gross includes the parts you can’t walk on. The difference between net and gross can be as much as 10 percent - depending on the type of floor plan design. A traditional plan (with more distinct rooms and therefore more walls) might have 10 percent net-to-gross ratio, while a contemporary plan may have only six or seven percent. Likewise, larger homes tend to have more walls - because larger homes generally have more rooms, rather than simply larger rooms. Youll probably never see the volume of a house plan listed on a house plan website, but the number representing the area of a floor plan often depends on how the volume is counted. Typically, the upper area of two-story rooms (foyers, family rooms) isnt counted as part of the floor plan. Likewise, stairs are only counted once. But not always. Check how volume is counted to be sure you know how big the plan really is. Plan services that design their own plans will have a consistent policy on area (and volume), but services that sell plans on consignment probably dont. How does the designer or plan service calculate the size of the plan? Sometimes that information is found on the services website or book, and sometimes you have to call to find out. But you should most definitely find out. Knowing how area and volume are measured can make a very big difference in the cost of the house you ultimately build. Conclusions Leave the Building to Builders. Damian Gillie/Construction Photography/Avalon/Getty Images The guest writer, Richard Taylor of RTA Studio, is an Ohio-based residential architect who creates luxury house plans and designs custom homes and interiors. Taylor spent eight years designing and renovating homes in German Village, an historic district in Columbus, Ohio. He has also designed custom homes in North Carolina, Virginia, and Arizona. He holds a B.Arch. (1983) from Miami University and is an active blog writer on social media. Taylor says: I believe that above all, a home should create a quality living experience as unique as the people that live in it, shaped by the owners heart, and by his image of home - thats the essence of custom design. Construction designs can get complicated, so let your building crew decipher the symbols the way they are trained to do. A couple of things for the homeowner to keep an eye on include the orientation of the building on the lot (where is south and the sun? where are the doors and windows?), the HVAC symbols (where is the ductwork?), and for future reference its good to know where your load-bearing walls will be located. And how big will your new house measure out to be? According to the U.S. Census Bureau Survey of Construction, the average new single-family American house was 2,392 square feet in 2010 and in 1973 it was 1,660 square feet. A small home is considered 1,000 to 1,500 square feet. And tiny homes? Could you live in less than 500 square feet? Thats the plan!

Management and finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management and finance - Essay Example Managers should focus on what should be done in order to avoid variance in the future rather than concentrating on actions to correct variances in the budget. Management determines the performance of the organization by conducting budget control or variance analysis (Ramji & Geoffrey, 2002, p. 21). These approaches support management by exception by the fact that it identifies critical areas of organization performance which does not follow the management expectations. Although budget is very essential in the organization, the success of the organization is determined by the effort of the management to in making decisions that will ensure the attainment of the organization’s goals. A. Behavioural issues in budgetary reporting system When actual performance of the business differs from the planned or budgeted activities this is referred to as variance. Variance may be favourable if it shows gain or beneficial position such as an increase in actual income or profits or a decreas e in actual expenditure than the standard cost (Sherman, 2011, p. 87). On the other hand, variance may be termed unfavourable if the actual cost exceeds standard cost, or if actual profit/income falls below the budgeted income/profit. It is the cause and consequences of variance that matters, and whether the variance is favourable or unfavourable (Hampton, 2009, p. 57). The management should work to establish the cause of variances and assess the impact of the variance in the organization because not all adverse variances are detrimental to the business and not all favourable variances are beneficial to the organization. Material variance refers to the differences between the actual materials used in producing actual outputs and materials that were expected to be used during the planning process (Weiss, 2006, p. 102). Material variance may occur for various reasons. For example, the difference may be due to the actual purchase price of the materials being less or more than the expec ted price in which case the purchasing department may be held liable. On the other hand, this variance may be due to less or more materials being used during the manufacturing process, and in this case, the production department will be held responsible. Labour variance is the difference between the actual cost of labour and the budgeted expenditure. The actual expenditure is usually greater or is less than the budgeted expenditure due to various factors. For example, the actual rate does not correspond to the budgeted cost because it is either below or higher than the expected rate (Hampton, 2009, p. 71). In addition, the actual idle time of the workers is more or less than the budgeted time while the actual productivity of the workers differs from the budgeted efficiency. These factors influence the actual cost of labour resulting to significant differences in cost of labour from the planned cost of labour. In the case study, the estimated output was ninety five thousands units wh ile the actual output was ninety thousands units. This created a variance of five thousand units in the organizations output. This decline in units produced could imply inefficiency of workers or machines. It could also mean that the target was too high for the organization to meet (Weiss, 2006, p. 108). The management should put effort to increase the production capacity of the organization by either increasing the efficiency of work

Assess and evaluate the nutritional intake and nutritional status of Coursework

Assess and evaluate the nutritional intake and nutritional status of the given case study - Coursework Example The objective of this paper is to assess the nutritional status of a 38 years old lady bus driver who is 75 kilograms in weight. This analysis also looks at the levels of her nutritional requirements and makes recommendations necessary to improve her diet. A record of 3day food intake which included three meals, a snack and drinks were recorded and kept in a journal. The foods consumed in the three days were measured in bowls and cups and used to measure nutritional intake using an online program. The three day food intake was entered on a dietary analysis program know as the supper tracker and is found on the website www.ChooseMyPlate.gov. A three-day average report was then generated from the website using the reports tab. The reports included the averages of all the macronutrients and micronutrients. This was then tabulated and compared with the UK reference values and inference made. The above table shows the three day average intake of macronutrients and calories against the UK dietary reference values. As indicated in the table, the three day averages show excess intake of calories and low intake of non starch polysaccharides. There is also excessive consumptions of the saturated fats and more energy resulting from fats. Poor eating habits are the major risk factors for many serious illnesses affecting human beings today including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, heart problems, overweight, hypertension and low immunity (McCartney et al 2013 p.2085). Nutrition requirements also differ with respect to the age, gender, weight, level of activity and the physiological state of the body. It is therefore important to note that a balanced diet is critical not only for the prevention of deficiency diseases but also for correct growth and development. As Southerland (2012 p.40) states, Lack of adequate nutrition has resulted into age related blindness and muscular and age related

What is branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is branding - Essay Example More than this, some consumers often do not understand that certain branding is specifically targeted towards them. In these instances, poor branding can negatively impact a companys reputation due to the fact that a brand is wrongly perceived. In taking all of this into consideration, the definition of branding that makes most sense to me is the following: the representation of a company that offers value and benefit to the ideal customer. Successful branding attracts new customers (and maintains old customers) by offering a product or service that is perceived to be to the advantage of the consumer. Branding would not be beneficial to entrepreneurial business due to the fact that there are likely to be limited funds available. Entrepreneurs can sometimes get carried away with branding instead of focusing on building a company up from the ground. Branding will become important as a business grows and expands, but the initial focus should be to try to ensure the survival of the company beyond the first 12 months. If there is a lack of capital, then entrepreneurs should not spend unnecessary money trying to make their new business look flash. If an entrepreneur has to use credit for branding purposes, then this will only place unnecessary pressure later on when it comes time to repay the debt. Branding is designed to enhance a company, not to saddle it with mountains of debt. Besides budding entrepreneurs, branding is also a waste of time for companies that have not accurately defined their target market. Without focusing on a select group of consumers, branding is going to go way over the top of most peoples heads and will not bring the desired results. Before branding can be effective, there must be short and long-term strategic objectives in place; otherwise branding efforts are sure to

Premium Beer Customer Segment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Premium Beer Customer Segment - Essay Example This segment straddled two of the Maslow’s hierarchies, social recognition and esteem needs because they are highly motivated by ego of social recognitions and esteem life style. They have an attitude on sophistication and looking good and represent themselves as one of the boys who are recognised in the society as a rich and having prestigious lifestyle. When drinking beer PPs prefer full strength beer which fulfil their need for masculine appeal and also preferred test. Foster identified this segment as their target customer for Pure Blonde brand but the misconception of â€Å"one of the boys† attitude of Premium Peter could have cannibalize its leading brand Crown. So, the company refined this segment and positioned Pure Blonde as a â€Å"low carbohydrate premium beer with full strength and test† in the Premium Peter segment. Thus the brand got a competitive advantage from other premium beer brands of its competitors who also targeted the PPSs. The customers o f Premium Peter segment realised that Pure Blonde has an extra benefit of low carbohydrate as well as it also satisfy their needs like full strength beer with test. ... This effective discussion was not possible if the product was offered in glass in the premises. So the company made this available only in bottles. Therefore, the word of mouth started spreading as Foster had created a beer that meets all the needs of Premium Peter. Thus, the full strength taste and the low carbohydrate parameters have strengthen the current competitive advantage of Pure Blonde. So, the advantage of low carbohydrate was that it differentiated the product by a health positive benefit which other premium beer brands did not have. This unique benefit w2as the key reason of attraction of the premium beer segment towards the brand as the target segment were becoming health conscious. The disadvantage is that it could not take the attention of the Premium Larrikin segment of customers who are demographically included in the Premium Peter but having carefree attitude and enjoy the test too much that conscious about health. Answer 2 After facing a huge competition in the yea r 2010, Foster realised that they need to include women in their target customer rather refining the men demography. So, the company realised that there is a steadily unnoticed growing segment of women who have started enjoying beer recently. This particular segment of women has started enjoying lighter beer qualities of Pure Blonde because of two reasons. Firstly, this segment of women previously highly focused on the vodka, premix cocktail drinks as a hard drinks and lime and soda as premium drinks. Recently they are shifting to the premium beer. Secondly, females are more health conscious especially about the concern about body weight. As, low carbohydrate